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The Headwaters Forest Reserve is a group of old growth coast redwood (''Sequoia sempervirens'') groves, comprising about , managed by the Bureau of Land Management as part of the National Landscape Conservation System. Located in the Northern California coastal forests ecoregion near Humboldt Bay of the U.S. state of California, most of it was owned by the now defunct Pacific Lumber Company, which was owned by Charles Hurwitz and Maxxam Inc, as the result of a hostile takeover in 1985. Headwaters Forest was discovered and named in March 1987 by Humboldt County activist and journalist Greg King. Since that time the Headwaters Forest has been the site of many tree sits and anti-logging demonstrations, which ensued after Maxxam changed generations old policies of sustained-yield logging at PALCO with clearcutting to finance debt they incurred in the junk bonds used to purchase the once storied company. Climate is characterized by maritime conditions of cool, wet and foggy winters and cool to warm cloudy summers. Elevations range from to over . ==Overview== The reserve was established in 1999 (H.R. 2107, Title V. Sec.501〔(Library of Congress, text of H.R. 2107, Title V-PRIORITY LAND ACQUISITIONS, LAND EXCHANGES, AND MAINTENANCE )〕). The reserve was created after a 15 year effort to save the ancient ecosystem (with some trees estimated at over two thousand years old), from being clearcut. Almost 60 per cent of what is now the reserve was harvested by mostly clearcutting with over of road construction and over a hundred stream crossings which greatly degraded watershed ability to store and filter water runoff. The untouched portion, however, is dense, old-growth forest with pristine watershed conditions.〔(Environmental Impact Statement, Ch. 3. p.5 )〕 This reserve of is public land and is under the stewardship of the US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management (BLM). Of the total area, are old-growth redwood stands surrounded by of previously harvested timberlands, which were included in the purchase to protect the watershed related to the old growth forest.〔() 2007 BLM Manager Report〕 The reserve is located about southeast of Eureka, CA, but is managed by BLM officials from the agency's regional offices located in nearby Arcata, CA. According to the BLM, "the reserve is set aside to protect and preserve the ecological and wildlife values in the area, particularly the stands of old-growth redwood that provide habitat for the threatened Marbled Murrelet, Northern Spotted Owl, native salmon stocks, and other old growth forest dependent species..." As well as the stream systems that provide habitat for the threatened coho salmon. Other forest trees in the reserve include Douglas-fir, tanoak, Sitka spruce, western red ceder, western hemlock and red alder. There are limited distribution (CNPS list 4) plants in the reserve including the heart-shaped twayblade and Kellogg's lily.〔(CNPS database, Kellogg's lily factsheet. )〕 The Headwaters Forest Reserve is one of the few remaining refuges for the endangered seabird the marbled murrelet. Marbled murrelets make their nests on large redwood tree branches between March 25 and September 15. The seabird nesting can be disastrously disrupted by human activity. Visitors are restricted from entering the forest during breeding season, approximately June 25 to August 1.〔In 2007 Headwaters Forest Reserve was posted as closed from June 25 to July 20. On July 19 signage was altered to extend the closure to August 1.〕 It is the only forest reserve in the United States and is managed as a nature reserve of the BLM's National Landscape Conservation System. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Headwaters Forest Reserve」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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